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O que é grande, com uma 🍋 composição semelhante a algodão doce e fluffly? Resulta que se trata de um planeta.

Uma coligação internacional de astrônomos recently discovered 🍋 a planet, named WASP-193b, that's about 50% bigger than Jupiter and somehow still the second lightest planet ever found.

But WASP-193b, 🍋 located beyond our solar system about 1,200 light-years from Earth, isn't just a scientific oddity. The exoplanet could also be 🍋 key to future research investigating atypical planetary formation, according to a study describing the find that published Tuesday in the 🍋 journal Nature Astronomy.

Um planeta semelhante a algodão doce

This cotton candy planet isn't alone; there are other similar planets belonging to 🍋 a class scientists facetiously call "puffy Jupiters." The lightest planet ever discovered is the superpuffy Kepler 51d, which is nearly 🍋 the size of Jupiter but a hundred times lighter than the gas giant.

Puffy Jupiters have largely been a mystery for 🍋 15 years, said lead study author Khalid Barkaoui. But WASP-193b, because of its size, is an ideal candidate for further 🍋 analysis by the James Webb Space Telescope and other observatories.

"The planet is so light that it's difficult to think of 🍋 an analogous, solid-state material," said Barkaoui, a postdoctoral researcher of Earth, atmospheric and planetary sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of 🍋 Technology, in a news release. "The reason why it's close to cotton candy is because both are mostly made of 🍋 light gases rather than solids. The planet is basically super fluffy."

WASP-193b, which researchers think is made up of mostly hydrogen 🍋 and helium, was a huge puzzle for researchers to piece together. Because the exoplanet's density is so light for its 🍋 size, calculating its mass became a challenge.

Desafio pixbet loterj calcular a massa do planeta

Usually, scientists determine mass using a technique called 🍋 radial velocity, in which researchers analyze how a star's spectrum, a graph that indicates the intensity of light emissions in 🍋 wavelengths, shifts as a planet orbits it. The bigger the planet, the more the star's spectrum can shift - but 🍋 this didn't work for WASP-193b, which is so light, it didn't make any pull on the star that the team 🍋 could detect.

Because of how small the mass signal was, it took the team four years to gather data and calculate 🍋 WASP-193b's mass, Barkaoui explained. Because the extremely low numbers they found were so rare, the researchers completed multiple trials of 🍋 data analysis, just to be sure.

"We were initially getting extremely low densities, which were very difficult to believe in the 🍋 beginning," said co-lead author Francisco Pozuelos, a senior researcher at Spain's Institute of Astrophysics of Andalucia, in a news release.

Eventually 🍋 the team discovered the planet's mass is a measly 14% that of Jupiter, despite being so much bigger.

Um planeta com 🍋 uma atmosfera ext ```python endedora

But a bigger size means a bigger "extended atmosphere," said study coauthor Julien de Wit, an associate professor 🍋 of planetary science at MIT. That means WASP-193b provides an especially useful window into these puffy planets' formation.

"The bigger a 🍋 planet's atmosphere, the more light can go through," de Wit told pixbet loterj . "So it's clear that this planet 🍋 is one of the best targets we have for studying atmospheric effects. It will be a Rosetta Stone to try 🍋 and resolve the mystery of puffy Jupiters."

But it's also not clear how WASP-193b even formed, Barkaoui said. The "classical evolution 🍋 models" of gas giants don't quite explain the phenomenon.

"WASP-193b is an outlier of all planets discovered to date," he said.

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